4.1.1 Why networks?
What Is a Network?
A computer network is two or more computing devices connected together so they can communicate and share resources. Networks can be as small as two computers linked in a home or as large as millions of devices spanning the globe.
Reasons for Connecting Computers in a Network
| Reason | Explanation | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Sharing resources | Hardware such as printers, scanners and storage devices can be shared across multiple users, reducing costs. | A single network printer used by all staff in an office |
| Sharing files and data | Files stored centrally can be accessed by any authorised user on the network, eliminating the need to copy files between devices physically. | A shared folder on a school server accessible from any classroom PC |
| Communication | Email, instant messaging, video calling and collaborative tools all depend on network connectivity. | Staff using email and video conferencing within a company network |
| Internet access | A network allows multiple devices to share a single internet connection, providing access to online services and the World Wide Web. | All devices in a school sharing one broadband connection |
| Centralised management and security | Network administrators can manage user accounts, software installations, updates and backups from one central location rather than visiting each device individually. | An IT manager pushing a security update to every PC in a school simultaneously |
Key Takeaways
- Networks allow computers to share resources (hardware, files, internet connections).
- They enable communication between users and devices.
- Centralised management reduces administration effort and improves security.